淺談車架 - 1 (修正版 ver. 1.1) - 野狼
By Rachel
at 2008-07-12T08:12
at 2008-07-12T08:12
Table of Contents
由於內容出了紕漏,為免造成誤解,故將本文修正並新增若干項目
在此向各位板友致歉<(_ _)>
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車架,顧名思義就是車輛的骨架,常聽到很多人在談論"剛性",而判斷剛性最簡易
的方法就是觀察車架的結構
車架可細分出多樣結構各異的種類,國內最常見的種類是鑽石車架
,環抱式車架以及搖籃式車架
鑽石車架(DIAMOND FRAME):
國內代表車種:野狼,雲豹,金勇,KTR,名劍等
由自行車的車架演變而來,假若將引擎之前後鎖點視為一直線,那整個主車架結構與
後輪鎖點的連線看起來就像菱形(DIAMOND),故稱為鑽石車架;而單管鑽石車架顧名思義
就是各主車架的架構都是以一根鋼管成型並接合(通常都使用電弧焊熔接)
優點在於製造容易,成本低廉,而且重量輕,但側向強度不佳,故不適用於激烈操駕
現今大都用在一般街車(如商用車)跟FUN BIKE上
背骨式車架(BACK-BONE FRAME):
代表車種:HORNET系列
此種車架為鑽石車架的變形,基本概念相同
早期小車亦有使用鋼板沖製的背骨車架,如SUZUKI的K系列,本田CUB等
目前國內除金旺(含旺旺)外已無使用沖製背骨車架的車款
而黃蜂家族使用的背骨式車架為方管單背骨車架,比起傳統鑽石車架有更佳之幾何強度,
故安定性比使用鑽石車架的車種好上許多,重量也比搖籃車架輕上不少
單殼式背骨車架(MONOCOCQUE FRAME):
代表車種:ZX-12R,ZZR1400等
此種車架為單背骨車架的變形,比起使用單管的形式有著更好的強度
尤其設計理念加入了參考蛋殼的導力機構,所以強度與精巧性無庸置疑
由於製造成本較高,所以使用的車款不多
環抱式車架(TWINSPAR FRAME):
國內代表車種:NSR系列,QUANNON
可分為雙管與多連桿式,國產NSR使用的方型雙管車架為參考HONDA原廠MC16的結構而來,
相較於單管式,環抱式鑽石車架的剛性就好上不少,但重量也較重,MC16的車架材料為
鋁合金(可能為JIS ADC 12系),國產N的車架材料為鋼材
多連桿式環抱車架最著名的莫過於DUCATI的柵式車架
雖然是用鋼管焊接成形,但強度與重量控制一樣也不少
尤其DUCATI的設計越來越偏向於將利用引擎成為為車架的一部份,車架設計也越來越精實
搖籃車架:
單搖籃與雙搖籃車架即是車架的其中幾種,共通點為都有引擎托架,差別在於龍骨數量
搖籃式車架因為看起來像把引擎關在籠子裡,所以也有人稱之為籠型車架
傳統單搖籃在此不介紹,僅介紹國內出現機率較高的Y型
Y型單搖籃車架(SEMI-DOUBLE CRADLE FRAME)
國內代表車種:追風,愛將,王牌,巨狼,運動狼(野狼SPORT)等
龍骨只有一條,但由前托架衍伸出兩支引擎托架(一分二)
示意圖:
│
│
╭┴╮
│ │
因為看起來像個倒Y,為方便稱呼故有人將其稱為Y型單搖籃車架
直譯為"半雙搖籃車架"
雙搖籃車架(DOUBLE CRADLE)
國內代表車種:FZ/R,RG125Γ等
龍骨與托架各兩組,剛好成兩個組合,故稱雙搖籃車架
鋼性是沒話說的,所以許多大廠的主力運動車款都使用雙搖籃車架(如YAMAHA的DELTABOX)
但整體重量偏重,所以各車廠就開始從材料著手,最先被注意到的即為鋁合金
如SUZUKI的AL-BOX即為全鋁合金製造的雙搖籃車架
小弟才疏學淺,若有錯誤還請各位先進不吝指正<(_ _)>
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