台灣高價假油的末日? - 機車
By Zenobia
at 2019-11-20T17:45
at 2019-11-20T17:45
Table of Contents
幾天前看到德國專門驗油的oelcheck實驗室要在台灣營業
https://en.oelcheck.com/newsroom/news/exclusive-agents-in-russland-und-taiwan-sind-jetzt-startbereit
看他們英文版的網站,驗內燃機車用機油較便宜的兩個方案,
Kit1(White): 41歐元
元素分析(冷卻液洩漏、添加劑及磨耗)、PQ值、40及100 °C的黏度+黏度指數、氧化、硝化、硫化、紅外線光譜、含水量、分散性、含燃油量、煤煙含量、乙二醇含量(冷卻液洩漏)
Kit2(Black): 61.5歐元
項目同上,但多一項總鹼值(DIN 51639-1 即ASTM D2896)
有了這些要判斷是否假油就容易非常多(限高價油),其實這些化驗項目台灣原有的一些實驗室大部分項目都可以驗,但是一項一項計費,加起來的價格科科,以後要在台灣驗可能會平價很多。
舉例,基礎油的部分:
假油成本的關係不會用PAO,有些假油會以Group1充當Group3跟PAO。
從紅外線光譜可以推測基礎油是PAO還是Group3~1,或是兩者的混合。
從元素分析的硫(S)含量可以大致推測基礎油是否含有大量Group1,雖然此化驗法不是API基礎油分級指定檢測硫(S)含量的化驗法之一,但還是可以大致推測。
添加劑的部分:
假油一樣成本的關係不會用酯類油,大多不會有鉬(Mo)添加劑(但高價JASO MA油為了離合器片的摩擦力,鉬(Mo)含量通常為0或很少)
從紅外線光譜可以推測酯類油的含量(限含量5%以上)。
元素分析裡的鉬(Mo)、磷(P)、鋅(Zn)、鈣(Ca)、鎂(Mg)、硼(B),疑似的假油可以跟真油或是廠商宣稱的規格比對含量是否大致,有些假油因為不是用同套添加劑或要省錢添加劑劑量不足,一看就會露出馬腳。
https://oil-club.de/index.php?thread/5427-motul-300v-factory-line-off-road-15w-60
https://oil-club.de/index.php?attachment/16522-motul15w-60-jpg
https://oil-club.de/index.php?attachment/16521-motul15w-60-irs-jpg
以上面這個國外網友把機車用Factory Line 300V 15W-60 (真油)送oelcheck的紅外線光譜為例,
光譜x軸722cm-1對應y軸的Transmission %T為10,透過公式A = 2 – log %T或相關的轉換網站得到光譜722cm-1的A=1.00,
(一般全PAO的機油A=1.20以上,全GTL(Group3+)為A=1.01左右,全Group3為A=0.98左右,全Group1~2為A=0.8~0.9初頭),
得知Factory Line 300V 15W-60基礎油可能為GTL(Group3+)或PAO+Group3混合,再參考Factory Line 300V 15W-60的安全資料表有至少60%的Group3,得出結論Factory Line 300V 15W-60的基礎油為PAO混合Group3。
假油多為Group1~2充當Group3跟PAO,假油的光譜722cm-1對應的A不太可能達到1.00。
光譜x軸大約1730~1740cm-1對應y軸的Transmission %T最低點為0.3,以公式得到A=2.53,一般來說此處A的值乘以4~5就大約是酯類油含量(%),得知Factory Line 300V 15W-60酯類油含量大約12.5%。
假油不太可能有酯類油,更別說如此高比例的。
元素分析,抗磨劑磷(P)=835ppm,符合JASO MA2要求的磷(P)含量;分散劑硼(B)=153ppm,含量還不錯,若是假油通常不會有太多分散劑;硫(S)=2493ppm,若是大量混有Group1通常在5000ppm以上。
如果要驗車子換下來的舊油,我個人認為選比較便宜的Kit1(White)就好,個人認為Kit2(Black)的總鹼值化驗法DIN 51639-1(即ASTM D2896)較適合化驗新油,而不是較適合化驗舊油的ASTM D4739,不過這是德國的oelcheck,之後台灣的oelcheck是否可以選ASTM D4739就等著看了。
大家覺得這算是高價假油的末日嗎? 還是台灣會有自己的玩法呢?
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Sent from JPTT on my Asus Nexus 7.
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