ABS:防鎖死煞車系統 - 機車

By Franklin
at 2012-09-10T01:43
at 2012-09-10T01:43
Table of Contents
最近因為PGO的關係ABS好像很紅啊XD
原文:http://www.ashonbikes.com/content/how-abs-works
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到現在還是很常聽到ABS是靠比較前後輪速度差來釋放煞車壓力的說法,但這是錯
的。最簡單想到的一個盲點就是如果前後輪一起鎖死的話,那麼ABS就沒辦法判斷了,
但是這種情況在緊急煞車時非常常發生。
事實上ABS比較的不是車輪的速度,而是減速度。配備ABS的車上都可以在輪框
上看到一個帶有環狀排列孔的圓盤,而在這個這個圓盤的附近通常就可以找到ABS的感
測器。原理是當車輪旋轉時,只要一個孔經過感測器就會產生一個脈衝,然後將訊號傳回
ABS電腦記錄下來。所以電腦就可以比較脈衝與脈衝間經過的時間差,假設電腦將10次
訊號的時間記錄下來,那麼只要把下10訊號所經過的時間跟前一次比較就可以算出車輪的
速度改變量。所以說如果這10次訊號所經過的時間比上10次長就表示車輪在減速,在計算
出減速度後再與原先輸入進電腦的資料做比較,來決定ABS的作動。
至於電腦中拿來比較的資料則是經過工程師在車輛開發過程中不斷測試所得出來的。
因為工程師需要知道多少的減速度是正常範圍,多少的減速度是車輪快要鎖死。在電腦判
斷ABS需要啟動時,就會釋放煞車管內的壓力來減少煞車力,避免車輪鎖死,接著可能
十分之一秒後ABS系統內的高壓幫浦會重新幫煞車管線加壓產生煞車力。而電腦會持續
監控車輪狀況然後不斷判斷需不需要再次釋放煞車,直到車輪的減速度到設定範圍為止。
而在煞車過程中,騎士只會感受到煞車拉桿傳來的振動和ABS在點放煞車時機車減速度
的改變,而不是大腿與地面摩擦的痛感。
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